The History Of Digital Television Media Essay

The History Of Digital Television Media Essay Television is a means of communication that can be used for dissemination of information, entertainment ,education and marketing of products. There are several types of TV that include; cable TV, Satellite TV and regular TV The electromechanical TV was developed in the last decade of the 20th century Television was invented in the 1870s but it didnt catch on until the electronic television was introduced in the early 20th century. .A large population adopted the television only after the second-world war. In 1945, only nine commercial TV stations broadcasted but they increased to 48 by 1949 and 515 in 1960 (Fischer, 2004). It is not quite vivid as to who invented TV but Edwin Belin, on August 22nd, 1922 showed the world how his mechanical scanner that led to the development of television .His machine directed light flashes upon a selenium element that was connected to an electronic wave generator. The sent waves were received on the other end and reconverted to light flashes on a mirror. This marked the beginning of television development. Electronic scanning came up thereafter and involved breaking images into small light points then having it transmitted over radio waves. This marked the beginning of modern development (Fischer, 2004). It is unclear who between Vladimir Kosma Zworykin and Philo Taylor Farnsworth invented modern TV, The former was a Russian-born American serving Westinghouse and an inventor while the latter was a farm boy from the state of Utah. Both claimed credit almost the same time.Zworkin though patented his work but Farnsworth showed a picture of his work. Zworkin patented his work of the electronic scanning tube which called an iconosphere in the year 1923; it was a primitive form of the camera. Farnsworth however was the first to put his work to application He demonstrated his work using a scanning tube he designed in 1927, and successfully portrayed transmission of television signals. He received his patent later in 1930 for his electronic scanning tube. A Scottish engineer and entrepreneur called Logier Baird in 1924 attained the transmission of simple shapes by use of mechanical television. Radio Corporation of America agreed to pay Farnsworth Television. Despite this though the technology of operation has not changed much. The older TVs were made from cathode ray tubes and employed the technology of electrons being propelled towards a fluorescent screen. Signals use in TV transmission The main form of TV transmission used in the 20th century was analogue transmission where analog signals were used in transmission. Analogue television and digital television have many differences. Analog television involves the transmission of TV signals using analogue signals; it is also referred to as over-the-air programming and involves the reception of a signal at the antenna then tapping it from there via cable which is then plugged to your TV. Only one broadcaster can send a signal through the cable at a time. In digital transmission a broadcaster can send multiple signals through the same cable. Digital transmission involves the conversion of image and sound TV signals to digital signals-discrete signals (ones and zero) which is then transmitted and received by the set-top or converter box at the recipient end and converted back to analogue signal. Merits of digital TV There was need to change from analog to digital TV for the following reasons: The switchover to digital transmission led to the freeing up of an essential parts of the important broadcast spectrum that could ensure space for essential and emergency services like the police and the fire department. It also marked a revenue earning opportunity from revenue of leasing out the extra spectrum obtained to companies as those providing services such as wireless broadband. There was also need to improve the quality of images delivered to the viewership hence give a flat platform to the TV companies to improve on their content. There will be more revenue for the government would also rise from the fact that there will be more room for more stations. The transition also became necessary conformation to the 21st century standards especially since European countries had taken up the technology and there was need for the States to rap from the same benefits as the other countries. (Goldstein, 2009 ). Digital broadcasting is much better than analogue transmission. Digital broadcasting ensures high and definite consistent picture and sound quality, this is possible from the fact that digital signals accommodate much more compression than its counterpart ,this allows carry more information hence a better bandwidth use and also clearer images. In as much as digital as well as analogue transmission undergo degradation with distance the quality of images in digital transmission remains superb in comparison to those of analog transmission. So long as you can receive the signal rest assured its a clear one. (Kruger,2002) Digital transmission of television also assures availability of a wider bandwidth unlike analogue transmission that was facing running out of frequency. The television stations therefore have a platform to offer a wider range of programming to its viewers than analogue transmission would allow. This is by means of multi-casting, that is the broadcasting of several programs on a single frequency such as super high definition and multiple standard definitions. Multi-casting gives TV capability of displaying web pages and other capabilities like interactive compact discs. News updates can be run along a show for example. This is unlike analog TV transmission which only accommodates a single channel per frequency. Digital television also provides a greater immunity to noise and external interference like adverse weather conditions unlike analogue transmission that is adversely affected by these interferences with digital television it is possible to run on-screen program guides hence increasing convenience to the viewers since they can check the programs running on other channels without even switching to those channels. Hurdles in digital TV transmission Despite all the merits borne by digital transmission analogue signals provides a better cohesive signal with limited retardation with distance..Alongside this has led to the discarding of the old TV sets this is not in accordance with todays environmental concerns. (Kruger,2002) Digital TV requires a special TV tuner, this of which is not available in the hardware of older TV sets. Analog-only television sets had to be out-done or a set top box otherwise called a converter that carries a digital tuner used. This is however an advantage since digital television equipment manufacturers can seize the opportunity and improve economies and livelihoods of people. . Analog transmission uses analog signals while digital signals are used in digital TV transmission. Analog transmission involves the sending and reception of a continuous signal. This is whereby the amplitude of the signal, its phase and frequency vary in direct proportionality to the variables physical quantity. The there are no breaks in the transmission. The hurdle this transmission faces is degradation of the signal which affects the quality of the image. Digital transmission transmits information in the form of bit streams (discrete data of 1s and 0s). The waveform of a digital signal is a square wave signifying discrete states of HIGHs(1s) and LOWs(0s).The digital signals dont degrade, hence high quality. (Goldstein, 2009). The reception of digital television involves various forms that involve: The use of antennas in what is called Digital terrestrial television which is most widely used but is limits viewers to only a few channels while signal quality is not guaranteed. Other types of reception can be via digital cable or satellite and MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service where microwave TV transmission is used. Effecting of the analog-digital switchover The switchover from analogue to digital switched was done in phases since the whole system could not be switched over night hence both were run parallel for purposes of redundancy and to allow viewers time to acquire set top boxes or acquire digital enabled television. High-power television stations completed the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting on 12th June, 2009. After being pushed back several times as the broadcasters and views could not attain FCCs requirements for transition. Despite this a few low-power TV stations still broadcast the analog signal Digital television came to be because of the eminent weaknesses of the analogue transmission and the coming up of positive drive from the political class. This was not the case in the post-war era and the will improved the 1980s.The Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Services met in 1987 to deliberate the way forward to a new and more feasible TV platform so as to advance television. Digital and Analog High definition TV systems were tested and the problem found to be spectrum. If the pictures didnt fit if analog signals used digital signals would have to be used. This is because an analog signal of some specific quality would need a significantly wider bandwidth which evidently not enough space in the spectrum General Instrument Corporation in 1992 showed a high-definition TV system that was all-digital for the system for the committee. The advisory committee together with FCC adopted a policy lying towards digital transmission an year later.IN 1997 a timeframe for implementation of Digital transmission was set.It was required that the Digital TV infrastructure would behave to be set up by May 1,1999.The deadline for public TV stations was set then the deadline for viewers to swap later in 12th June 2009. (Lundstrà ¶m, 2006) Conclusion Digital television arose from the fact that there was need to outdo the old analog transmission for reasons explained above. There was continuously increasing exhaustion of the frequency spectrum for introduction of new channels let alone the interference that arose between the existing channels. Digital transmission was the only option with a solution to this avoiding congestion while upholding the quality and locking out interferences. There was also need to ensure the The transition from Analog to Digital marked the revolutionization of the television industry bring more revenue for our and other governments all over the world. Digital transmission also ensuring high picture and sound quality.It also brought to TV attributes never seen before then. It has taken technology to a higher notch. With digital TV, the TV industry has become better than ever before. Putting all this on the weighing balance eventually analogue TV will come to an end. (Lundstrà ¶m, 2006)

T.V Soap Opera Analysis

Anna Shvets Jennifer Katman Tuesday Thursday T. V Class April 26,2010 T. V Soap Opera Analysis In the T. V series of â€Å"Will and Grace†, there is one gay male character named Will, one male character named Jack who acts feminine, a straight female character named Grace and heterosexual female named Karen which is Graces’ friend. Will and Grace who live together are both looking for love, but will never find it with each other because Will is gay and Grace is straight. All of these characters play and important role in this show either gay or straight. I can tell whether the characters are gay or straight by how they act towards each other or just in general. Will is a gay male who is very handsome and attractive, and works as a successful lawyer in Manhattan. When he attends work it is a total institution because there is authority over him and he has to follow certain kind of rules to not get fired. In the show, he doesn’t act gay to me because he lives with Grace and acts very high class. His gay side comes out when he goes on a date or to a gay bar. This is another total institution when he goes to gay bars because usually the gay people are in authority and pretty much there are rules! On the other hand, Jack who acts feminine who plays a really funny role can’t find a job so he is unemployed. His role as a male is hilarious because he totally acts like a girl but doesn’t hid on men even though, judging his outside I would think that he is the more gay one. Even though he is funny he is unstable because he has nothing to depend on for example a job to help him provide money. The portrayals of the gale males in this show are positive. Their roles are humorous throughout all the series. Jack is always acting feminine and Will is always acting more serious but that’s what makes him be more humorous. It is shown in a multidimensional way because it shows Will who acts as a more serious gay male and it shows Jack who acts more feminine but is still considered gay. I can tell that’s the portrayal is more positive because even though the T. V show has gay males, it doesn’t show them making out or being all touchy, it just shows an example of gay males who have a big sense of humor. On the other hand when you try to relate it back to the real world you can see that not all gay men are like that. There was one episode where Grace took Jack to her dinner party, and Jack couldn’t settle down until they got out of there because he was very suspicious what people would think of him. He was expecting to have all eyes one him, which would make him feel very uncomfortable and maybe even hearing some name calling. At the dinner party Jack gave compliments to everyone, and one of Graces coworkers really adored Jack because he was in love with her shoes and I don’t even think she noticed that he was gay. The image that this program portrays of gay men is both good and bad from different points of views. For example, I am against gays because that’s against my religion. Even though I don’t like homosexuality, that doesn’t mean that I hate every gay or lesbian person out there, it just means that I don’t like what they do or what they believe in. I have seen many gay males everywhere, at the mall, at salons and they seem to be the nicest people with great personalities but I just don’t like the whole gay part. To other people who are for gays, I think that this program shows them an even better side of gays because they are filled with humor. Some of the pictures that are shown with gay males holding hands or hugging do bother me because I don’t think that it’s right. There was a part where Grace said something like real intense but Jack didn’t get offended but if you look at it from a side you would say that it is ok to call people names. That is a negative effect on society because if you have a child and saw a lady on T. V calling a gay guy a faget, it would not be ok for her to call a gay guy she sees on the street a faget. The content of this program contributes to our socialization process because in sociology we learn to view things from other people’s perspectives and being gay or lesbian is what people choose to be even though some are against it. From society we learn that gay men can also reach a goal in life and have a high paying job or look handsome because they are also people that want a good future. From these T. V shows we can analyze a lot but we need to here every character before we make a decision whether we like the show or not. I do acknowledge that there are negative effects and there are positive ones. For example my mom told me that this show is a way of making people gay because it shows men happy and funny so men just try to be like them. She says that it is a negative effect on us and everyone who watches it. Opinion- In my opinion, I think that the TV’s powers of socialization is going a little bit out of control because everything is being shown on TV that was never shown before and its starting to become normal. I’m not saying if you watch it you’re going to want to be gay. I just don’t remember having so many shows with gay characters. Either was I thinking it is good that they have characters like that that way we don’t cut any kind of people off. Gay people are just like you and me! In this show there is one thing that I absolutely did not like. It was the fact that Grace and Will find love but at the same time there is always something wrong with it. When grace bring someone home Will like them at first and hates him after he uses Grace. This show is an on going conflicting story about these four characters that try to get love but somehow it fires back at them say there isn’t any true love out there. It’s a bumber to watch those kind of thing because when kids watch it they can have a negative effect on themselves saying that there’s no point looking for mr. write or for my princess. When having a negative affect from a show it makes you think about how you can change it.

Case Study Of Globalisation On Yo ! Sushi - 1473 Words

Case Study of Globalisation on Yo! Sushi Yo! Sushi was founded in 1997 by Simon Woodroff. It has 80 restaurants throughout the UK and 93 worldwide, which they are still expanding. The company franchise has been operating for 15 years and have gained a large amount of knowledge about globalisation and how to globalise their company. They have numerous services that made the franchise global: †¢ Online reservation systems †¢ Online food ordering for take away †¢ New devices and the application of smartphones to provide healthy and affordable Japanese cuisine in a fast paced, futuristic atmosphere. By using electronics, which are used all over the world and are connected to the internet, they were able to make their franchise global due to the easy communication. 4. HIV-awareness Awareness is the ability to be informed and educated to know and perceive, to feel, and to be conscious of anything, such as a project, campaign, object etc. It is gaining knowledge about something that exists, or gaining an understanding of it. HIV- awareness is promoting the awareness of the illness HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). AVERT: HIV-awareness charity AVERT was founded in 1986 and was one of the first charities in the UK to inform and provide people with information and knowledge about HIV and how they are able to protect themselves and others from infection. The charity has sent out millions of educational leaflets, training guides and posters across the UK and the rest of the world

The Conflict Sparked By Irrational Thinking - 1602 Words

Joseph Coffey Research Paper 10/22/15 Mrs. Connors AP Language The Evolution of Conflict sparked by Irrational Thinking When evaluating the family problems of a typical middle class American you may find deaths in the family, divorces, money problems, sibling rivalries, and more. In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, all of the above is seen with a topping of vengeance and selfishness. This interesting conflict is caused by the abusive actions of the characters. From relationship to relationship, one character abuses another to get to their way or to get back at another character for their own wrongdoing. Having this occur frequently throughout the novel creates a dumbfounded sort of tone and leaves the reader on the edge of their seat. Throughout the novel Wuthering heights, Emily Bronte emphasizes the characters abusive and unhealthy relationships; this is exemplified through repeated vengeant duality, internal and external conflict, and irrational thinking. To start, what is an abusive relationship? In today’s society, we see ab usive relationships in our own lives, movies, and literature. â€Å"Domestic abuse occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person† (Domestic Violence and Abuse). Signs that one is in an abusive relationship include feeling self-loathing, helpless, and desperate. Abuse can be divided up into four main categories, dominance, isolation, humiliation, and intimidation.Show MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism Of Harrison Bergeron986 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"then other people’d get away with it - and soon we’d be right back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else† (Vonnegut 2), the society’s government believed that with the introduction of uniqueness and superiority, conflict would arise, because competition to be better would begin. 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